Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II (repost)
Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement of Black Americans from the Civil War to World War II By Douglas A. Blackmon
Publisher: Doubl..,eday 2008 | 480 Pages | ISBN: 0385506252 | EPUB | 4 MB
Publisher: Doubl..,eday 2008 | 480 Pages | ISBN: 0385506252 | EPUB | 4 MB
Wall Street Journal bureau chief Blackmon gives a groundbreaking and disturbing account of a sordid chapter in American history—the lease (essentially the sale) of convicts to commercial interests between the end of the 19th century and well into the 20th. Usually, the criminal offense was loosely defined vagrancy or even changing employers without permission. The initial sentence was brutal enough; the actual penalty, reserved almost exclusively for black men, was a form of slavery in one of hundreds of forced labor camps operated by state and county governments, large corporations, small time entrepreneurs and provincial farmers. Into this history, Blackmon weaves the story of Green Cottenham, who was charged with riding a freight train without a ticket, in 1908 and was sentenced to three months of hard labor for Tennessee Coal, Iron & Railroad, a subsidiary of U.S. Steel. Cottenham's sentence was extended an additional three months and six days because he was unable to pay fines then leveraged on criminals.