Navigation, Robotics and 3D Printing in Spine Surgery

Presenting the most up-to-date, cutting –edge techniques and technologies,this book provides the reader with an overview of contemporary approaches for degenerative, deformity and minimally invasive spine surgery. Sensibly divided into four main sections, the opening chapter describes the history of spinal navigation and a brief summary of the current categories: imaging based navigation using optical systems; robotic navigation systems; and the use of 3D printed patient-specific navigation. Within each of these sections are chapters addressing patient positioning, surgical planning, specific technologies and instrumentation, and a summary of current clinical findings, with an eye toward best practices in planning and execution. A final section discusses additional considerations for these modalities, including economic and legal aspects of these procedures.