Adjustment Computations: Statistics and Least Squares in Surveying and GIS (Wiley Series in Surveying and Boundary Control)

The complete guide to adjusting for measurement error —expanded and updated.

All measurements contain errors. And with global positioning systems, total station instruments, digital metric cameras, and satellite imaging systems now generating vast quantities of data, adjustment for errors is crucial to accurate interpretation. Adjustment Computations provides a complete, up-to-date treatment of every aspect of least squares adjustment, the most rigorous procedure available for computing adjustments to measured data.

This comprehensive work starts with basic principles and proceeds to the development of proper mathematical and stochastic models. Advanced topics include use of constraint equations and blunder detection. Each chapter is supported by clear, practical examples, numerous illustrations, and helpful end-of-chapter problems. The accompanying disk contains three software packages: statistical analysis, the performance of least squares adjustments, and basic matrix operations.

New material in this expanded edition includes:
Error propagation in angle and distance measurements, traverse computations, and elevation determination
Confidence intervals and statistical testing
Adjustment of GPS networks
Blunder detection in horizontal survey networks.

An excellent reference and self-study source for working surveyors, photogrammetrists, and GIS managers, this book is an indispensable resource for students preparing for the LSIT, LS, and PE exams and the ideal text for courses in surveying, civil engineering, forestry, cartography, and geology.