"Rare Earth Element" ed. by Jose Edgar Alfonso Orjuela

This book has a main objective to let the readers know useful information about the rare earth elements that possibly allow development of the researches in different fields of science where the rare earth elements are used.

Rare earth elements have significant physical and chemical properties, which have been made indispensable in many magnetic, electronic, and optical applications. For instance, rare earth magnets have high magnetic intensity that can be retained at high temperatures, making them ideal for aerospace applications. Moreover, rare earth elements allow to fabricate faster, smaller, and lighter devices such as cell phones and hard drives. They are also important for in-ear headphones, microphones, loudspeakers, optical fibers, smartphones, and tablet computers. All these technological possibilities have made sure that the rare earth elements are part of the daily life.



Contents
1 Biotechnology Processes for Scalable, Selective Rare Earth Element Recovery
2 Hydrometallurgical Recovery Process of Rare Earth Elements from Waste: Main Application of Acid Leaching with Devised τ-T Diagram
3 Optimisation of Parameters for Spectroscopic Analysis of Rare Earth Elements in Sediment Samples
4 Theoretical Spectroscopy of Rare-Earth Elements: Spectra and Autoionization Resonances
5 Thermodynamic Property Study on the Complexes of Rare- Earth Elements with Amino Aids
6 The Effects of Lanthanum Dopant on the Structural and Optical Properties of Ferroelectric Thin Films