Distribution System Operation

This open access book is a coherent and accessible source of knowledge on flexibility services for energy. Local flexibility services are a commercial mechanism which allows participants to be renumerated for delivering a change in their usual power use, in real time or in response to prior request from the Distribution System Operators (DSOs) to help manage network congestion. Summarising key outputs from the Energy Networks Association’s (ENA) Open Networks Programme, the book traces the evolution of local flexibility markets from 'Proof of Concept' to 'Business as Usual'.