Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Information Theory

The basics of quantum mechanics and quantum information theory
Quantum mechanics is a branch of physics that deals with the behavior of matter and energy at the smallest scales, such as atoms, molecules, and subatomic particles. It was developed in the early 20th century to explain the behavior of these tiny particles, which often behaves in ways that are very different from what we observe in our everyday lives.
Some of the key concepts in quantum mechanics include:
• Wave-particle duality: Particles, such as electrons, can exhibit wave-like behavior, and waves, such as light, can exhibit particle-like behavior.
The phenomenon of wave-particle duality constitutes an intrinsic and crucial aspect within the domain of quantum mechanics, possessing the ability to elucidate the behavior exhibited by both particles and waves at the quantum level. The notion of duality posits that particles, such as electrons, can display characteristics akin to that of waves, while waves, such as light, can manifest particle-like attributes. This concept presents a transformative perspective that confronts our conventional comprehension of particles and waves as distinct and separate entities within the realm of physics.
In the framework of classical physics, particles and waves are acknowledged as distinct entities, each possessing well-defined behaviors. Particles are commonly perceived as entities with negligible size and discernible location and momentum. Conversely, waves are typically conceptualized as perturbations in a medium, disseminating through space with a clearly defined wavelength and frequency.