Arthur Goldschmidt & Lawrence Davidson, "A Concise History of the Middle East (8th Edition)"

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Arthur Goldschmidt & Lawrence Davidson, "A Concise History of the Middle East (8th Edition)"

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List of Illustrations
 Maps
 Figures
 Tables
Preface to the Eighth Edition

1 Introduction
 What Is History?
 Then and Now, There and Here
 The Physical Setting
 Some Descriptive Geography
  Climate
  Location
  Natural Resources
  Human Diversity
 Conclusion

2 The Middle East Before Muhammad
 A Minimum of Antiquity
 Persia and Rome
  Dissident Christian Sects
  Rome's Persian Rival
 The Arabs
  Conditions in Arabia
  Arabian Culture
  Southern Arabia
  Sixth-Century Conditions
  Mecca
 Conclusion

3 The Prophet of Mecca
 Muhammad's Early Life
  Confrontation with Pagan Arab Values
  First Revelation
  The Early Muslims
  Meccan Opposition
 The Emigration (Hijra)
  The Struggle for Survival
  Muslim Life in Medina
  Muhammad's Marriages
  Muhammad and the Jews
  Aisha bint Abi-Bakr
  The Winning of Mecca
  Muhammad's Death
 Assessment

4 What Is Islam?
 Basic Beliefs
  God
  Angels
  Books
  Messengers
  Judgment Day
 The Five Pillars of Islam
  Witness (Shahadah)
  Worship (Salat)
  Fasting (Sawm)
  Tithing (Zakat)
  Pilgrimage (Hajj)
 Other Duties and Prohibitions
 Conclusion

5 The Early Arab Conquests
 The Succession Issue
 The Initial Conquests
 The Beginnings of Islamic Government
  Military Discipline
  Civil Government
 Dissension in the Umma
  Uthman's Troubled Caliphate
  Ali's Caliphate
  Challenges to Ali
 Changes in the Government of Islam
  Mu'awiya
  Mu'awiya ibn-abi-Sufyan
  Administrative Changes
  Mu'awiya's Successors
  Husayn's Rebellion: The Beginning of Shi'ism
  Other Challengers
 Conclusion

6 The High Caliphate
 Restoration of the Umayyad Order
  Abd al-Malik's Triumph
  Resumption of the Conquests
  Fiscal Reforms
 The Downfall of the Umayyads
 The Abbasid Caliphate
  The Building of Baghdad
  Public Piety
  Anti-Abbasid Revolts
  Persians in Power
  Mamun's Caliphate
  Al-Mamun
 The Decline of the Abbasids
 Conclusion

7 Shi'is and Turks, Crusaders and Mongols
 Shi'i Islam in Power
  The Major Sects of Islam
  The Fatimid Caliphate
  The Buyid Dynasty
 The Turks
  Early Turkic Civilization
  The Islamization of the Turks
  The Ghaznavids
  The Seljuk Empire
 The Crusades
  Their Beginning
  Muslim Reactions
  The Rise of Salah al-Din
 The Mongol Invasion
  Destruction of the Caliphate
  Hulegu Khan
  Mamluk Resistance
 Conclusion

8 Islamic Civilization
 The Rules and Laws of Islam
 Development of Jurisprudence
  Sources of the Law
  Sunni Legal Systems
  Shi'i Legal Systems
  Administration of the Law
  Applicability of the Law
 Islamic Society
  Social Groupings
 Importance of Family Life
  Personal Relationships
  Food, Clothing, and Shelter
 Intellectual Life
  Mathematics and Science
  Literature
  Art
 Theology
  Mysticism
  Ahmad ibn Hanbal
  Review of Muslim Divisions
 Conclusion

9 Firearms, Slaves, and Empires
 The Mamluks
  The Mamluk Ruling System
  The Decline of the Mamluks
 The Mongol Il-Khanids
  The Religious Issue
  Effects of Il-Khanid Rule on Persia
  Tamerlane and the Timurids
 Gunpowder Technology
 The Ottoman Empire
  Beginnings
  Expansion
  Orhan
  The Ottoman Zenith
  Causes of Ottoman Success
  Political Institutions
  Ottoman Decline: Signs and Causes
 Persia Under the Safavids
  Rise of Safavid Power
  The Safavid Zenith
  The Aftermath of the Safavids
 Conclusion

10 European Interests and Imperialism
 Ottoman Weakness
  Some Symptoms and Causes
  The Reforming Sultans and Viziers
 The European Powers and the Eastern Question
  The Koprulu Family of Viziers
  Czarist Russia
  Habsburg Austria
  Britain and the Middle East
  France: Protector and Civilizer
 Conclusion

11 Westernizing Reform in the Nineteenth Century
 Egypt
  Napoleon's Occupation
  Mehmet Ali and His Reforms
  Mehmet Ali's Military Empire
 Westernization of the Ottoman Empire
  The Nizam-i-Jedid
  Mahmud II
  Military Defeat and European Protection
  The Tanzimat Era
  Mustafa Reshid Pasha
 Persia Under the Qajars
 Some Afterthoughts

12 The Rise of Nationalism
 Egyptian Nationalism
  Khedive Isma'il
  Financial Problems
  The Beginnings of Nationalism
  Ahmad Urabi
  Ahmad Urabi
  Lord Cromer and the British Occupation
  The Revival of Egyptian Nationalism
 Ottomanism, Pan-Islam, and Turkism
  Early Nationalism in the Ottoman Empire
  The Young Turks in Power
  Turkish Nationalism
 Nationalism in Persia
  Early Resistance to Foreign Power
  The Constitutionalist Movement
  Oil Discoveries
 Conclusion

13 The Roots of Arab Bitterness
 Arab Nationalism
  Historical Background
  The Arabs Under Ottoman Rule
  Christian Arab Nationalists
  Muslim Arab Nationalists
  The Arabs and the Young Turks
 World War I
  Britain and the Arabs
  The Husayn-McMahon Correspondence
  The Arab Revolt
  The Sykes-Picot Agreement
  Faysal ibn al Husayn
  The Balfour Declaration
 The Postwar Peace Settlement
  The King-Crane Commission
  Allied Arrangements: San Remo and Sèvres
  The Result: Four Mandates and an Emirate
 Conclusion and Summary

14 Modernizing Rulers in the Independent States
 Turkey: Phoenix from the Ashes
  Challenges to the Nationalists
  Mustafa Kemal Ataturk
  Kemal's Domestic Reforms
  Mustafa Kemal Ataturk
  The Legacy of Kemalism
 From Persia to Iran
  Historical Recapitulation
  The Apogee of British Power
  The Rise of Reza Shah
  Reza's Reforms
  Reza's Downfall
  Epilogue
 The Rise of Saudi Arabia
  Historical Background
  The Emergence of the Saudi Kingdom
  Oil Discoveries and Their Effects on the Saudi Kingdom
  Ibn Sa'ud's Successors
 Conclusion

15 Egypt's Struggle for Independence
 Britain's Role in Egypt
  Anglo-Egyptian Relations: An Overview
  World War I
  The 1919 Revolution
  British Efforts at a Solution
  Egypt's Democratic Experiment
  The Short Reign of the Wafd
  The Power Triangle
  The Anglo-Egyptian Treaty
  Disillusionment
  King Faruq
  World War II
 The Egyptian Revolution
  Frustration and Failure
  The Fall of the Old Regime
  The 1952 Military Coup
  Settlement of the Suez Canal Issue
 A Strange Ending

16 The Contest for Palestine
 Origins
 Prefatory Remarks
  Jewish Nationalism
  The Jews in Dispersion
 The Beginnings of Political Zionism
  Early Jewish Settlers
  Theodor Herzl
  The Second Aliya
 Britain and the Palestine Problem
  The Balfour Declaration
  The British Occupation
  The Palestine Mandate
  Beginnings of the Anglo-Zionist Rift
  The Jewish Governor and the Nationalist Mufti
  Amin al-Husayni
  A New Arab-Jewish Clash
  Jewish Immigration and Arab Resistance
  The Peel Commission and the White Paper
  The Growing US Role
  Civil War in Palestine
  The United Nations Partition Plan
  The Creation of Israel
 Conclusion

17 Israel's Rebirth and the Rise of Arab Nationalism
 Israel's War for Independence
  The Contending Forces
  The Outside Powers
  UN Mediation Attempts
 The War's Aftermath
  Arab Divisions
  The Palestinian Arabs
 The Arab Countries
  Jordan
  Syria and Lebanon
  Iraq
  Egypt's Nasir and His Policies
 Israel's Early Years
  Problems of the Jewish State
  Politics in Israel
  David Ben-Gurion
  Israel's Foreign Relations
 Middle Eastern Oil
 The Great Powers and the Arab World
  The Suez Affair
  The Eisenhower Doctrine
  The Contest for Control of Syria
  The United Arab Republic
  Lebanon's First Civil War and US Intervention
  The Ideas of Nasirism
  The Ebb of the Pan-Arab Tide
  Arab Socialism and Nasir's Comeback
  The Jordan Waters Dispute
  The Palestine Liberation Organization
  Background to War
 Conclusion

18 War and the Quest for Peace
 The June 1967 War
  Reasons for the Outcome
  The War's Aftermath
  UN Peace Efforts
 The Palestinians as a Political Force
 Abortive Peace Efforts
  The War of Attrition
 Political Changes: 1967–1970
  The Two Yemens
  Iraq
  Libya
  Israel
  The Rogers Peace Plan
  Clashes in Lebanon and Jordan
  Egypt After Nasir
  The End of the Rogers Peace Plan
 Danger Signs in the Middle East
  Prelude to War
  US Concerns
  Arab Frustrations
  War Preparations
 The October (Yom Kippur) War
  Israel's Unpreparedness
  The Course of the Fighting
  Arms Supplies and the Oil Embargo
  The Superpowers and the Cease-fire
 The War's Aftermath
  Shuttle Diplomacy
  Israel's Domestic Crisis
  Effects of the Oil Embargo
  PLO Power at Its Zenith
  Return to Shuttle Diplomacy
 Lebanon: The Arena for a New Arab Struggle
  The Religious Angle
  The Nationalist Angle
  Anwar al-Sadat
  The Economic Angle
  The Ideological Angle
  An Attempted Synthesis
  Syria's Role
 The Road to Camp David
  Carter's Plans
  Policy Problems
  Sadat Leads the Quest for Peace
  The Egyptian-Israeli Treaty
 Conclusion

19 The Reassertion of Islamic Power
 Prefatory Remarks on Islam and Politics
 The Iranian Revolution
  The Monarchy
  The Fall of the Monarchy
  Sayyid Ruhollah Musaui Khomeini
  The Establishment of the Republic
  The Hostage Crisis
 The Struggle for Persian Gulf Supremacy
 The Retreat from Camp David
  The Assassination of Sadat
  Israel's Rising Militancy
  Israel's Invasion of Lebanon
  The Terrorist Triumph
 Western Policy Formation and Islamic Polity

20 The Gulf War and the Peace Process
 The Gulf Crisis
  Iraq's Complaints and Claims
  Iraq's Annexation of Kuwait
  The Crisis of Arab Legitimacy
 Operation Desert Storm
 Palestinians and the Peace Process
  The First Intifada
  The End of Lebanon's Civil War
  The Peace Process in Arab-Israeli Relations
  The Oslo I Accord
  Gains and Losses in the Peace Process
  Yasir Arafat
  The Second Intifada
 Whither Islam?

21 The War on Terrorism
 The Present in Historical Perspective
 Survey of Terrorism
  Turkey
  Iran
  Arab States of the Fertile Crescent
  Saudi Arabia and the Other Gulf States
  Egypt
  Summation on Terrorism
  Osama bin Laden
 The Iraq War
  Bush and the Neoconservatives
  The Invasion of Iraq
 The Contest for Palestine (Redux)
  Breakdown of the "Peace Process"
  Intensification of the Conflict
  Outsiders' Involvement
 A Parting Message

Chronology
Glossary
Bibliographic Essay
Appendix
 Table A.1 Basic Statistics for Middle Eastern Countries
 Table A.2 How Many Palestinians?
Index