Thermal Physics 2025

Heat and Thermodynamics

What you'll learn

Thermal Physics essentially has 2 parts which are Heat and Thermodynamics. In the part Heat we give emphasize to Kinetic Theory of gas and aspect of Real Gas.

In Thermodynamical part, we discuss all aspect of matter through the features of first, second and third law of Thermodynamics and thermodynamical potentials.

First law of Thermodynamics is based on energy conservation and Second law of thermodynamics on impossibility of perpetual motion of the system in any process.

The third law of Thermodynamics is based on unattaintibility of absolute zero temperature in reality. This gives the non validity of law of Physics at 0K.

Requirements

This content requires the basic features of ideal and real gas and also the basic idea of heat engine and refrigerator.

Description

In this content - Thermal Physics, we basically discuss about Heat and Thermodynamics. In the part - Heat we start with the kinetic theory of gas by which we successfully discuss about the pressure equation of ideal gas and then we discuss Maxwell's velocity distribution among gas molecules. This gives average, root mean square velocity and most probable velocity of gas molecules. This also gives Boltzmann energy distribution from which we can establish the law of equipartition of energy. This velocity distribution can significantly be applied in transport phenomena and determination of mean free path of the gas molecules. After that we discuss the thermodynamical aspect of matter through 1st, 2nd and 3rd law of thermodynamics. With the aspect of 1st law of thermodynamics, we discuss the features of molar specific heat of ideal and real gas and the difference between them. Also with the aspect of 1st law of thermodynamics, we discuss Universal Lapse Rate for temperature variation of atmosphere with altitude from sea level. Before discussion of 2nd law of thermodynamics, we discuss about the efficiency of heat engine and coefficient of performance of refrigerator. After the statement of 2nd law of thermodynamics is discussed in this content along with the discussion of the efficiency of Carnot engine and Carnot theorem of reversible and irreversible heat engine. Several thermodynamic process like isothermal process, adiabatic process, reversible process, irreversible process along with other polytrophic process and their aspect regarding specific heat at the concerned process are discussed in details in this content. After that Maxwell equation in thermodynamics involving several thermodynamic potentials are made discussed and it is then applied to Joule - Thomson Effect.     

Overview

Section 1: Introduction

Lecture 1 Introduction

Lecture 2 1. Pressure Equation of Ideal Gas

Lecture 3 2. Pressure of Gas from Molecular Collision

Lecture 4 3. Maxwell’s Velocity Distribution and Its Criticism

Lecture 5 4. Most Probable Velocity and Distribution Curve

Lecture 6 5. Equipartition Law of Energy

Lecture 7 6. Isothermal and Adiabatic Process

Lecture 8 7. Relation of two sp. heat for real gas

Lecture 9 8. Reversible and Irreversible Process

Lecture 10 9. Specific Heat of Ideal Gas in Polytropic Process

Lecture 11 10. Lapse Rate and Adiabatic Process in Air

Lecture 12 11. Survival Equation and No Collision Probability

Lecture 13 12. Theory of Brownian Motion

Lecture 14 13. Work done in Polytropic Process

Lecture 15 14. Working Principle of Heat Engine and Refrigerator

Lecture 16 15. Statements of Second Law of Thermodynamics

Lecture 17 16. Efficiency of Carnot Engine

Lecture 18 17. Carnot's Theorem in Second Law of Thermodynamics

Lecture 19 18. Thermodynamic Scale of Temperature from Second Law of Thermodynamics

Lecture 20 19. Maxwell's Relations

Lecture 21 20. Joule - Thomson Effect OR Joule - Kelvin Effect for Real Gas

The all science students at basic and advance level are able to accept this course.