Secondary Steelmaking: Principles and Applications

well as modify harmful nonmetallic inclusions and achieve the optimum casting temperature, content of alloying elements, and homogeneity. These improvements can come only through the diverse refinement processes that together comprise "secondary steelmaking." Secondary Steelmaking: Principles and Applications reviews the scientific fundamentals and explores the various unit processes associated with secondary steelmaking. Synthesizing the science and its technology, the author examines the relevant reactions and phenomena, presents an integrated picture of "clean steel" manufacture, and provides an overview of the mathematical modeling important to process research. Solved examples, ample references, and summaries of recent technological advances mean that the steelmaking industry finally has a comprehensive reference, in English, for the all-important secondary steelmaking processes. Students and instructors, steelmakers and R & D engineers will welcome the author's readable style, his knowledge, and his expertise, all gleaned from decades of experience in research, academic, and industrial settings.