Emergencies and Complications in Gastroenterology

Acute emergencies in gastroenterology are extraordinarily severe conditions with high morbidity and mortality. Particularly severe diseases include acute pancreatitis, a difficult course of non-specific intestinal inflammations manifested by toxic colon or acute intestinal obstruction, and even acutely developed intestinal pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie’s syndrome) or variceal and non-variceal bleeding into the gastrointestinal tract. Undoubtedly serious factors influencing the accuracy of diagnostics and effectivity of therapy are the etiological multifactorial characteristics of changes that induce the acute state. Polymorbidity is also frequent among these patients and requires a complex diagnostic approach, often limiting the possibility of using an optimal therapeutic approach.
Effective diagnostics and therapy for acute conditions in gastroenterology requires a multidisciplinary team approach. In diagnostics, endoscopic examination enabling a simultaneous therapeutical solution is of fundamental importance in managing most diseases, which is valid for example in patients with acute bleeding into the alimentary tract, in acute pancreatitis, acute cholangitis or acute intestinal obstruction. However, endoscopy is an invasive method, and as many of these patients suffer from polymorbidity, the usage of endoscopic approaches is limited by the general clinical condition of patients, particularly with respect to cardiopulmonary risks

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