Fascism, Power, and Individual Rights: Escape from Freedom, To Have or To Be?, and The Anatomy of Human Destructiveness

Three fascinating examinations of the psychology of political power from the New York Times–bestselling author of The Art of Loving.

Philosopher and social theorist Erich Fromm is renowned as “a psychologist of penetration and a writer of ability” (Chicago Tribune). In these three riveting works, Fromm sheds light on some of the most critical dilemmas facing humanity.

Escape from Freedom: Though freedom has been a prized value in Western culture for centuries, it is often accompanied by feelings of anxiety and powerlessness. Fromm’s compelling study demonstrates how these feelings of alienation can lead to a desire for conformity and authoritarianism, bringing invaluable insight into the rise of Nazism and fascism in Europe.

To Have or To Be?: Life in the modern age began when people no longer lived at the mercy of nature and instead took control of it. Fromm argues that through the process of modern materialism, the natural tendency of humankind moved away from practicing human abilities, and instead focused on possessing objects. Humankind therefore began using tools that replace our own powers to think, feel, and act independently. Fromm argues that positive change—both social and economic—will come from being, loving, and sharing.

The Anatomy of Human Destructiveness: This classic study makes a distinction between animal aggression and certain forms of destructiveness that can only be found in human beings. His case studies span zoo animals, necrophiliacs, and the psychobiographies of notorious figures such as Hitler and Stalin, offering a comprehensive exploration of the human impulse for violence.