Particulate nature of matter

PARTICLES OF MATTER, ATOM, MOLECULE, ION, STRUCTURE OF ATOM, ORBITAL ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION, ATOMICITY,


What you'll learn
INTRODUCTION OF PARTICULATE NATURE OF MATTER, PHYSICAL , CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
PARTICLES OF MATTER, ATOMICITY, TYPES OF ATOMICITY, TABULAR EXAMPLES
IONS, TYPES, DALTON’S ATOMIC THEORY, CONSTITUENTS OF ATOMS
STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM, ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION OF SOME ATOM OR ELEMENT, PARTICLES OF AN ATOMS, LOCATION,
ARRANGEMENT OF ELECTRON ROUND THE NUCLEUS, DEFINITION OF ORBITAL, ORBITAL ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION OF SOME ELEMENTS

Requirements
BASIC SCIENCE

Description
PARTICULATE NATURE OF MATTER.
What is matter; matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. By definition, we see that almost everything in the universe is made of matter. Examples of matter include the plants and animals around us; the food e we eat, the water we drink and even the air we breaths. We ourselves are matter.
In general, matter is built up of one or more of the following elementary particles; atoms, molecules, and ions. . Sugar is a white solid which dissolves in water and tastes sweet. While iron has a metallic luster; it may be magnetized and rusts with the formation of a reddish deposit. Properties are divided into two, they are;
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES; Physical properties are properties associated with physical changes. Examples are; boiling point, melting points, density, hardness malleability, crystalline form, as well as properties which may be detected by the senses, such as colour, odour and taste.
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES; These are those properties which are involved when matter undergoes a change to form new substances. Examples, rusting of ion, burning of substances etc.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES
PHYSICAL CHANGES; A physical change is one which easily reversed and in which no new substances are formed. A change in the state of a physical property of matter.
A few other examples of physical changes are as follows;
1. Change in the state of matter such as the melting of solids to liquids.
2. The magnetization and demagnetization of iron rods.
3. The separation of mixtures by evaporation, distillation, fractional distillation, sublimation and crystallization.
CHEMICAI CHANGES; A chemical change is one which is not easily reversed and in which new substances are formed. Examples are;
1. The dissolution of metals and limestone in acid.
2. The rusting of iron.
3. Fermentation and decay of substances
4. The changes in an electrochemical cell
5. addition of water to quicklime i.e the slaking of lime
6. Burning of firewoods
PARTICLES OF MATTER;
ATOMS
Definition; An atom can be defined as the smallest particle of an element which can take part in a chemical reaction. It can also be defined as the smallest part of an element that can ever exist and still possesses the chemical properties of that element.
MOLECULES
Definition; A molecule is the smallest particle of a substance that can normally exist alone and still retain the chemical properties of that substance, be it an element or a compound.
ATOMICITY
Most atoms cannot exist alone. They generally bond with other atoms to form molecules. Molecules may be made up of atoms of the same element or of different elements.
DEFINITION; The number of atoms in each molecule of an element is called the atomicity of the element.
This number is usually small most gaseous element like oxygen and chlorine are diatomic i.e the molecule consist of two atoms. Others, like phosphorous and sulphate exist as polyatomic molecules. The molecule of helium are monoatomic. The molecule of ozone is triatomic.
WHAT IS AN ORBITAL?
Who this course is for:
Beginners

More Info