Differentiation of Polynomial, Rational, Radical, Exponential, Trigonometric and Logarithmic Functions.

In 1979, the Nobel Prize for Medicine and Physiology was awarded jointly to Allan McLeod Cormack and Godfrey Newbold Houns eld, the two pioneering scienti- engineers primarily responsible for the development, in the 1960s and early 1970s, of computerized axial tomography, popularly known as the CAT or CT scan. In his papers [13], Cormack, then a Professor at Tufts University, in Massachusetts, dev- oped certain mathematical algorithms that, he envisioned, could be used to create an image from X-ray data. Working completely independently of Cormack and at about the same time, Houns eld, a research scientist at EMI Central Research Laboratories in the United Kingdom, designed the rst operational CT scanner as well as the rst commercially available model. (See [22] and [23]. ) Since 1980, the number of CT scans performed each year in the United States has risen from about 3 million to over 67 million. What few people who have had CT scans probably realize is that the fundamental problem behind this procedure is essentially mathematical: If we know the values of the integral of a two- or three-dimensional fu- tion along all possible cross-sections, then how can we reconstruct the function itself? This particular example of what is known as an inverse problem was studied by Johann Radon, an Austrian mathematician, in the early part of the twentieth century.

Stability is a very important property of mathematical models simulating physical processes which provides an adequate description of the process. Starting from the classical notion of the well-posedness in the Hadamard sense, this notion was adapted to different areas of research and at present is understood, depending on the physical problem under consideration, as the Lyapunov stability of stationary solutions, stability of specified initial data, stability of averaged models, etc.

Limits of Square Roots, Fractions, Rational, Trigonometric and Absolute Value Functions.

F. dell'Isola, L. Placidi: Variational principles are a powerful tool also for formulating field theories. - F. dell'Isola, P. Seppecher, A. Madeo: Beyond Euler-Cauchy Continua. The structure of contact actions in N-th gradient generalized continua: a generalization of the Cauchy tetrahedron argument. - B. Bourdin, G.A. Francfort: Fracture. - S. Gavrilyuk: Multiphase flow modeling via Hamilton's principle. - V. L. Berdichevsky: Introduction to stochastic variational problems. - A. Carcaterra: New concepts in damping generation and control: theoretical formulation and industrial applications. - F. dell'Isola, P. Seppecher, A. Madeo: Fluid shock wave generation at solid-material discontinuity surfaces in porous media.