From the Preface: (…) The book is addressed to students on various levels, to mathematicians, scientists, engineers. It does not pretend to make the subject easy by glossing over difficulties, but rather tries to help the genuinely interested reader by throwing light on the interconnections and purposes of the whole. Instead of obstructing the access to the wealth of facts by lengthy discussions of a fundamental nature we have sometimes postponed such discussions to appendices in the various chapters. Numerous examples and problems are given at the end of various chapters. Some are challenging, some are even difficult; most of them supplement the material in the text. In an additional pamphlet more problems and exercises of a routine character will be collected, and moreover, answers or hints for the solutions will be given. This first volume of concerned primarily with functions of a single variable, whereas the second volume will discuss the more ramified theories of calculus (…).

TO THE INSTRUCTOR I hear, I forget. I see, I remember. I do, I understand. Anonymous OBJECTIVES OF WORKSHOP CALCULUS 1. Impel students to be active learners. 2. Help students to develop confidence about their ability to think about and do mathematics. 3. Encourage students to read, write, and discuss mathematical ideas. 4. Enhance students’ understanding of the fundamental concepts under- ing the calculus. 5. Prepare students to use calculus in other disciplines. 6. Inspire students to continue their study of mathematics. 7. Provide an environment where students enjoy learning and doing ma- ematics. xi xii To the Instructor THE WORKSHOP APPROACH Workshop Calculus with Graphing Calculators: Guided Exploration with Review provides students with a gateway into the study of calculus. The two-volume series integrates a review of basic precalculus ideas with the study of c- cepts traditionally encountered in beginning calculus: functions, limits, - rivatives, integrals, and an introduction to integration techniques and d- ferential equations. It seeks to help students develop the confidence, understanding, and skills necessary for using calculus in the natural and - cial sciences, and for continuing their study of mathematics.

In the present book, we have put together the basic theory of the units and cuspidal divisor class group in the modular function fields, developed over the past few years. Let i) be the upper half plane, and N a positive integer. Let r(N) be the subgroup of SL (Z) consisting of those matrices == 1 mod N. Then r(N)\i) 2 is complex analytic isomorphic to an affine curve YeN), whose compactifi­ cation is called the modular curve X(N). The affine ring of regular functions on yeN) over C is the integral closure of C[j] in the function field of X(N) over C.

How THIS BOOK DIFFERS This book is about the calculus. What distinguishes it, however, from other books is that it uses the pocket calculator to illustrate the theory. A computation that requires hours of labor when done by hand with tables is quite inappropriate as an example or exercise in a beginning calculus course. But that same computation can become a delicate illustration of the theory when the student does it in seconds on his calculator.

The purpose of a first course in calculus is to teach the student the basic notions of derivative and integral, and the basic techniques and applica­ tions which accompany them. The very talented students, with an ob­ vious aptitude for mathematics, will rapidly require a course in functions of one real variable, more or less as it is understood by professional is not primarily addressed to them (although mathematicians.

From the point of view of strict logic, a rigorous course on real analysis should precede a course on calculus. Strict logic, is, however, overruled by both history and practicality. Historically, calculus, with its origins in the 17th century, came first, and made rapid progress on the basis of informal intuition.