Together, the volumes in this series present all of the data needed at various length scales for a multidisciplinary approach to modeling and simulation of flows in the cardiovascular and ventilatory systems, especially multiscale modeling and coupled simulations. The cardiovascular and respiratory systems are tightly coupled, as their primary function is to supply oxygen to, and remove carbon dioxide from, the body's cells. Because physiological conduits have deformable and reactive walls, macroscopic flow behavior and prediction must be coupled to nano- and microscopic events in a corrector scheme of regulated mechanism. Therefore, investigation of flows of blood and air in physiological conduits requires an understanding of the biology, chemistry, and physics of these systems, together with the mathematical tools to describe their functioning in quantitative terms. The present volume focuses on macroscopic aspects of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems in normal conditions, i.e., anatomy and physiology, as well as the acquisition and processing of medical images and physiological signals.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is increasing globally at an incredible rate, and many infectious diseases have already reached an alarming stage of resistance to existing treatments. WHO reports that nearly1.27 million people currently die each year due to resistant infections, and AMR is projected to account for 10 million annual deaths globally by 2050. There is an urgent need for novel approaches to address this issue. Omics technologies are powerful research tools used extensively to study pathogen biology and the activity of microbial agents. These tools, paired with systems biology approaches, can provide novel insights into antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance, and aid in the development of new, more effective measures to combat resistant pathogens.

Generally, spontaneous pattern formation phenomena are random and repetitive, whereas elaborate devices are the deterministic product of human design.

Robert Rosen was not only a biologist, he was also a brilliant mathematician whose extraordinary contributions to theoretical biology were tremendous. Founding, with this book, the area of Anticipatory Systems Theory is a remarkable outcome of his work in theoretical biology.

Propelled by the success of the sequencing of the human and many related genomes, molecular and cellular biology has delivered significant scientific breakthroughs. Mathematics (broadly defined) continues to play a major role in this effort, helping to discover the secrets of life by working collaboratively with bench biologists, chemists and physicists.

I wrote this book for biologists and those who are interested in both biological affairs in general and perspectives which integrate a large number of specialised biological disciplines. The theory of biocommunication presented herein investigates signal transd- tion processes among cells, tissues, organs and organisms in bacteria, animals (corals and bees), fungi and plants in the light of the current available empirical data. Because life is the central focus of the life sciences, this theory will also focus on typical features of life as opposed to inorganic matter. Because this eld of investigation is based on the methodological primacy of a pragmatic action theory, the book may also be of interest to researchers of lingu- tics, communication sciences and sociology (e.g. plant sociology, animal sociology) who would welcome an overview of these highly specialised biological disciplines. Current molecular biology as well as cell biology investigates its scienti c object by using key terms such as genetic code, code without commas, misre- ing of the genetic code, coding, open reading frame, genetic storage medium DNA, genetic information, genetic alphabet, genetic expression, messenger RNA, ce- to-cell communication, immune response, transcription, translation, nucleic acid language, amino acid language, recognition sequences, recognition sites, protein coding sequences, repeat sequences, signalling, signal transduction, signalling codes, signalling pathways, etc.

The aim of this book is to provide the target audience, specifically students of Medicine, Biology, Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, as well as experienced researchers in research fields relevant to metabolic syndrome (MetS) with an overview of the challenges and opportunities in systems biology and how it can be used to tackle MetS. In particular, the aims are: (1) to provide an introduction to the key biological processes involved in the pathophysiology of MetS; (2) through the use of specific examples, provide an introduction to the latest technologies that use a systems biology approach to study MetS; and (3) to give an overview of the mathematical modeling approaches for studying MetS.

This book explores the exciting world of theoretical biology and is divided into three sections. The first section examines the roles played by renowned scientists such as Jacob, Monod, Rosen, Turing, von Bertalanffy, Waddington and Woodger in developing the field of theoretical biology. The second section, aided with numerous examples, supports the idea that logic and computing are suitable formal languages to describe and understand biological phenomena. The third and final section is, without doubt, the most intellectually challenging and endeavors to show the possible paths we could take to compute a cell - the basic unit of life - or the conditions required for a predictive theory of biological evolution; ultimately, a theory of life in the light of modern Systems Biology.

This book presents novel statistics methods and reproducible software that helps to solve challenging problems in biomedicine. Specifically, it consists of a collection of 11 chapters contributed by some of the leading experts in the mathematical and statistical field which address new challenges in very disparate biomedical areas, such as genomics, cancer, circadian biology, microbiome, mental disorders, and more. The mathematical rigor is written in a user-friendly way to serve a general biomedical audience ranging from trainees or students to doctors, as well as scientific researchers, university departments, and PhD students.

There are many examples of cooperation in Nature: cells cooperate to form tissues, organs cooperate to form living organisms, and individuals cooperate to raise their offspring or to hunt. However, why cooperation emerges and survives in hostile environments, when defecting would be a much more profitable short-term strategy, is a question that still remains open. During the past few years, several explanations have been proposed, including kin and group selection, punishment and reputation mechanisms, or network reciprocity. This last one will be the center of the present study.
The thesis explores the interface between the underlying structure of a given population and the outcome of the cooperative dynamics taking place on top of it, (namely, the Prisoner's Dilemma Game). The first part of this work analyzes the case of a static system, where the pattern of connections is fixed, so it does not evolve over time. The second part develops two models for growing topologies, where the growth and the dynamics are entangled.

This book describes the microbiota of the intertrappean beds in the Chhindwara District, Madhya Pradesh, India. In this work, special emphasis is placed on the microbiota from the Late Cretaceous-Early Palaeocene transition of the central Narmada River region. Recently, the intertrappean beds of the Eastern Deccan Volcanic Province (one of the subprovinces of the Deccan Volcanic Province) have received considerable attention, which resulted in the addition of some significant biotic assemblages to the existing record from the Dindori-Chhindwara area of the province. The biotic assemblages include charophytes, ostracods, foraminiferans, fishes, frogs, lizards, turtles, crocodiles, and mammals.

This textbook is an excellent introduction to systems biology, which has developed rapidly in recent years. It discusses the processes in living organisms in an integrated way, enabling the reader to understand the fundamental principles and cause-effect relationships in biology and biochemistry. The authors have chosen an original but at the same time clear way of presenting the topics, repeatedly drawing comparisons and models from the macroscopic world and making the reader aware of the unity of the laws of physics, chemistry and biology.

This two-volume set LNCS 12658 and 12659 constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the 6th International MICCAI Brainlesion Workshop, BrainLes 2020, the International Multimodal Brain Tumor Segmentation (BraTS) challenge, and the Computational Precision Medicine: Radiology-Pathology Challenge on Brain Tumor Classification (CPM-RadPath) challenge. These were held jointly at the 23rd Medical Image Computing for Computer Assisted Intervention Conference, MICCAI 2020, in Lima, Peru, in October 2020.*
The revised selected papers presented in these volumes were organized in the following topical sections: brain lesion image analysis (16 selected papers from 21 submissions); brain tumor image segmentation (69 selected papers from 75 submissions); and computational precision medicine: radiology-pathology challenge on brain tumor classification (6 selected papers from 6 submissions).

"Chemometrics with R" offers readers an accessible introduction to the world of multivariate statistics in the life sciences, providing a complete description of the general data analysis paradigm, from exploratory analysis to modeling to validation. Several more specific topics from the area of chemometrics are included in a special section. The corresponding R code is provided for all the examples in the book; scripts, functions and data are available in a separate, publicly available R package. For researchers working in the life sciences, the book can also serve as an easy-to-use primer on R.

"This book fills a much needed gap," or so Moses Hadas (1900-1966, Columbia University Professor of Classical Literature) is reputed to have cynically said of another author's efforts. The gap that pertains to the present work is that between traditional biology subject matter and applied mathematics. The twenty-first century is touted as the century of mathematical biology, by which we mean that many of the important practical as well as theoretically interesting problems involve biological systems of such complexity that traditional experimental analysis must be coupled with mathematical synthesis. Other authors have noted the need to expose biology students to greater quantitative training and have provided biologist-friendly introductions to computer simulation focused on a variety of biological subdisciplines. I continue to think we need a general textbook, applicable to a wide range of biological systems, but with enough rigor that some of the depth of the underlying mathematical and computational substance can be appreciated by biology students. This necessarily removes biologists from their intellectual comfort zone, but my goal is to perturb the mind, and my hope is that a student's current knowledge base is an unstable equilibrium.