Practical Calculations and Guides for Electrical Installation Design

Robotic technology offers two potential benefits for future space exploration. One benefit is minimizing the risk that astronauts face. The other benefit is increasing their productivity.

Since the advent of optical communications, a greattechnological effort has been devoted to the exploitation of the huge bandwidth of optical fibers. Sta- ing from a few Mb/s single channel systems, a fast and constant technological development has led to the actual 10 Gb/s per channel dense wavelength - vision multiplexing (DWDM) systems, with dozens of channels on a single fiber. Transmitters and receivers are now ready for 40 Gb/s, whereas hundreds of channels can be simultaneously amplified by optical amplifiers. Nevertheless, despite such a pace in technological progress, optical c- munications are still in a primitive stage if compared, for instance, to radio communications: the widely spread on-off keying (OOK) modulation format is equivalent to the rough amplitude modulation (AM) format, whereas the DWDM technique is nothing more than the optical version of the frequency - vision multiplexing (FDM) technique. Moreover, adaptive equalization, ch- nel coding or maximum likelihood detection are still considered something “exotic” in the optical world. This is mainly due to the favourable char- teristics of the fiber optic channel (large bandwidth, low attenuation, channel stability, …), which so far allowed us to use very simple transmission and detection techniques.

Introduction to Digital Audio Coding and Standards provides a detailed introduction to the methods, implementations, and official standards of state-of-the-art audio coding technology. In the book, the theory and implementation of each of the basic coder building blocks is addressed. The building blocks are then fit together into a full coder and the reader is shown how to judge the performance of such a coder. Finally, the authors discuss the features, choices, and performance of the main state-of-the-art coders defined in the ISO/IEC MPEG and HDTV standards and in commercial use today.

Coding theory, system theory, and symbolic dynamics have much in common. Among the central themes in each of these subjects are the construction of state space representations, understanding of fundamental structural properties of sequence spaces, construction of input/output systems, and understanding the special role played by algebraic structure. A major new theme in this area of research is that of codes and systems based on graphical models.

System designers, computer scientists and engineers have c- tinuously invented and employed notations for modeling, speci- ing, simulating, documenting, communicating, teaching, verifying and controlling the designs of digital systems. Initially these s- tems were represented via electronic and fabrication details. F- lowing C. E. Shannon’s revelation of 1948, logic diagrams and Boolean equations were used to represent digital systems in a fa- ion that de-emphasized electronic and fabrication detail while revealing logical behavior. A small number of circuits were made available to remove the abstraction of these representations when it was desirable to do so. As system complexity grew, block diagrams, timing charts, sequence charts, and other graphic and symbolic notations were found to be useful in summarizing the gross features of a system and describing how it operated. In addition, it always seemed necessary or appropriate to augment these documents with lengthy verbal descriptions in a natural language. While each notation was, and still is, a perfectly valid means of expressing a design, lack of standardization, conciseness, and f- mal definitions interfered with communication and the understa- ing between groups of people using different notations. This problem was recognized early and formal languages began to evolve in the 1950s when I. S. Reed discovered that flip-flop input equations were equivalent to a register transfer equation, and that xvi tor-like notation. Expanding these concepts Reed developed a no- tion that became known as a Register Transfer Language (RTL).

Fundamentals of Codes, Graphs, and Iterative Decoding is an explanation of how to introduce local connectivity, and how to exploit simple structural descriptions. Chapter 1 provides an overview of Shannon theory and the basic tools of complexity theory, communication theory, and bounds on code construction. Chapters 2 - 4 provide an overview of "classical" error control coding, with an introduction to abstract algebra, and block and convolutional codes. Chapters 5 - 9 then proceed to systematically develop the key research results of the 1990s and early 2000s with an introduction to graph theory, followed by chapters on algorithms on graphs, turbo error control, low density parity check codes, and low density generator codes.

Principles of Verifiable RTL Design: A Functional Coding Style Supporting Verification Processes in Verilog explains how you can write Verilog to describe chip designs at the RT-level in a manner that cooperates with verification processes. This cooperation can return an order of magnitude improvement in performance and capacity from tools such as simulation and equivalence checkers. It reduces the labor costs of coverage and formal model checking by facilitating communication between the design engineer and the verification engineer. It also orients the RTL style to provide more useful results from the overall verification process.

This book grew out of our research, industry consulting and con­ tinuing education courses. Turbo coding initially seemed to belong to a restricted research area, while now has become a part of the mainstream telecommu­ nication theory and practice. The turbo decoding principles have found widespread applications not only in error control, but in de­ tection, interference suppression and equalization. Intended for use by advanced students and professional engi­ neers, involved in coding and telecommunication research, the book includes both basic and advanced material. The chapters are se­ quenced so that the knowledge is acquired in a logical and progres­ sive way. The algorithm descriptions and analysis are supported by examples throughout the book. Performance evaluations of the presented algorithms are carried out both analytically and by sim­ ulations. Basic material included in the book has been taught to students and practicing professionals over the last four years in the form of senior undergraduate or graduate courses, lecture series and short continuing education courses.

This book presents the proceedings of the 17th Chinese Intelligent Systems Conference, held in Fuzhou, China, on Oct 16-17, 2021. It focuses on new theoretical results and techniques in the field of intelligent systems and control. This is achieved by providing in-depth study on a number of major topics such as Multi-Agent Systems, Complex Networks, Intelligent Robots, Complex System Theory and Swarm Behavior, Event-Triggered Control and Data-Driven Control, Robust and Adaptive Control, Big Data and Brain Science, Process Control, Intelligent Sensor and Detection Technology, Deep learning and Learning Control Guidance, Navigation and Control of Flight Vehicles and so on. The book is particularly suited for readers who are interested in learning intelligent system and control and artificial intelligence. The book can benefit researchers, engineers, and graduate students.

This book reflects the latest research trends, methods, and experimental results in the field of electrical and information technologies for rail transportation, which covers abundant state-of-the-art research theories and ideas. As a vital field of research that is highly relevant to current developments in a number of technological domains, the subjects it covered include intelligent computing, information processing, communication technology, automatic control, etc.

This book reflects the latest research trends, methods, and experimental results in the field of electrical and information technologies for rail transportation, which covers abundant state-of-the-art research theories and ideas. As a vital field of research that is highly relevant to current developments in a number of technological domains, the subjects it covered include intelligent computing, information processing, communication technology, automatic control, etc.

Since the outstanding and pioneering research work of Hopfield on recurrent neural networks (RNNs) in the early 80s of the last century, neural networks have rekindled strong interests in scientists and researchers. Recent years have recorded a remarkable advance in research and development work on RNNs, both in theoretical research as weIl as actual applications. The field of RNNs is now transforming into a complete and independent subject. From theory to application, from software to hardware, new and exciting results are emerging day after day, reflecting the keen interest RNNs have instilled in everyone, from researchers to practitioners. RNNs contain feedback connections among the neurons, a phenomenon which has led rather naturally to RNNs being regarded as dynamical systems. RNNs can be described by continuous time differential systems, discrete time systems, or functional differential systems, and more generally, in terms of non­ linear systems. Thus, RNNs have to their disposal, a huge set of mathematical tools relating to dynamical system theory which has tumed out to be very useful in enabling a rigorous analysis of RNNs.

Understanding AC Circuit Dynamics: Investigating Sinusoidal Stability, Frequency Characteristics, and Magnetic Coupling