Ultrasound has a wide range of medical applications. Some of these include obstetrics (monitoring the progress of pregnancy), oncology (monitoring the growth of tumors), cardiology (visualizing the heart function and physiology), biopsy (guiding needles in various procedures), and physiotherapy. For example, today, an estimated 60-70% of pregnant women in the United States undergo ultrasound examination during pregnancy. An estimated 250 million fetal ultrasound examinations are performed every year in the USA. In the last few decades, ultrasound technology has expanded to medical imaging in various other specialties: Anesthesiology, Critical Care, Emergency Medicine, General Pediatrics, Internal Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology (OB-GYN), Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Physiatry, Sports Medicine, and Surgery. The increasing demand in the use of ultrasound technology in various biomedical fields points to a future in which medical professionals will be required to possess a general knowledge of ultrasound technology. While currently most medical professionals rely on technicians to perform the imaging studies, there can be a high degree of operator dependent results. Therefore, a solid foundation of the technological properties of ultrasound would give health care providers a competitive advantage in the future. This is one of the first goals of this textbook. This textbook also covers general aspects of diagnostic ultrasound providing an excellent reference for both beginners and professionals. In addition, this textbook has end-of-the-chapter experiments that will help educators conduct labs for students and any other learners to enhance their learning and solidify the practical skills.

Since publication of the first edition in 2015, neonatal anesthesia and surgery have advanced at lightning speed with many new developments, hence the need to update several essential topics. These include our understanding of neonatal apoptosis, the ever-increasing use of regional anesthesia in neonates, pharmacology of drugs in neonates, the delivery of anesthesia outside the operating room, neonatal resuscitation/guidelines, and perinatal complexities such as the EXIT procedure together with the fundamental principles of developmental physiology, airway management and ventilation as well as perioperative complications and ethical considerations that are unique to this age group.

Since publication of the first edition in 2015, neonatal anesthesia and surgery have advanced at lightning speed with many new developments, hence the need to update several essential topics. These include our understanding of neonatal apoptosis, the ever-increasing use of regional anesthesia in neonates, pharmacology of drugs in neonates, the delivery of anesthesia outside the operating room, neonatal resuscitation/guidelines, and perinatal complexities such as the EXIT procedure together with the fundamental principles of developmental physiology, airway management and ventilation as well as perioperative complications and ethical considerations that are unique to this age group.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of endotracheal tube placement with chapters on advanced techniques, ultrasound use for airway management, airway management techniques for obstetric patients, and much more.