This book addresses the latest research advances, innovations, and applications in the field of urban drainage and water management as presented by leading researchers, scientists and practitioners from around the world at the 11th International Conference on Urban Drainage Modelling (UDM), held in Palermo, Italy from 23 to 26 September, 2018. The conference was promoted and organized by the University of Palermo, Italy and the International Working Group on Data and Models, with the support of four of the world’s leading organizations in the water sector: the International Water Association (IWA), International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR), Environmental & Water Resources Institute (EWRI) - ASCE, and the International Environmental Modelling and Software Society (iEMSs).

Numerous applications of rod structures in civil engineering, aircraft and spacecraft confirm the importance of the topic. On the other hand the majority of books on structural mechanics use some simplifying hypotheses; these hypotheses do not allow to consider some important effects, for instance the boundary layer effects near the points of junction of rods. So the question concerning the limits of applicability of structural mechanics hypotheses and the possibilities of their refinement arise. In this connection the asymptotic analysis of equations of mathematical physics, the equations of elasticity in rod structures (without these hypotheses and simplifying assumptions being imposed) is undertaken in the present book. Moreover, a lot of modern structures are made of composite materials and therefore the material of the rods is not homogeneous. This inhomogeneity of the material can generate some unexpected effects. These effects are analysed in this book. The methods of multi-scale modelling are presented by the homogenization, multi-level asymptotic analysis and the domain decomposition. These methods give an access to a new class of hybrid models combining macroscopic description with "microscopic zooms".

The development of a proper description of the living world today stands as one of the most significant challenges to physics. A variety of new experimental techniques in molecular biology, microbiol­ ogy, physiology and other fields of biological research constantly expand our knowledge and enable us to make increasingly more detailed functional and structural descriptions. Over the past decades, the amount and complexity of available information have multiplied dramatically, while at the same time our basic understanding of the nature of regulation, behavior, morphogenesis and evolution in the living world has made only modest progress. A key obstacle is clearly the proper handling of the available data. This requires a stronger emphasis on mathematical modeling through which the consistency of the adopted explanations can be checked, and general princi­ ples may be extracted. As an even more serious problem, however, it appears that the proper physical concepts for the development of a theoretically oriented biology have not hitherto been available. Classical mechanics and equilibrium thermody­ namics, for instance, are inappropriate and useless in some of the most essen­ tial biological contexts. Fortunately, there is now convincing evidence that the concepts and methods of the newly developed fields of nonlinear dynam­ ics and complex systems theory, combined with irreversible thermodynamics and far-from-equilibrium statistical mechanics will enable us to move ahead with many of these problems.

This book introduces the cutting-edge technology of micro/nano structure fabrication from precision machining, electrical discharge machining (EDM) and precision grinding and injection molding, the contents of the presented book includes​ but not limited to the machining process, cutting tool preparation, tool path generation, and surface evaluation. This book provides a variety of feasible fabrication methods and advanced manufacturing techniques for the precision fabrication of micro/nano-structures, especially for complex micro/nano-structures. Since the book focuses on the micro/nano-structure fabrication methods including hieratical micro/nano-structures, graduate students, engineering technicians, and researchers in related areas will benefit from this book; also, someone in related application fields such as biomedicine, communication, optics may be the potential readers of this book.

This is an up-to-date review of recent advances in the study of two-phase flows, with focus on gas-liquid flows, liquid-liquid flows, and particle transport in turbulent flows. The book is divided into several chapters, which after introducing basic concepts lead the reader through a more complex treatment of the subjects. The reader will find an extensive review of both the older and the more recent literature, with abundance of formulas, correlations, graphs and tables. A comprehensive (though non exhaustive) list of bibliographic references is provided at the end of each chapter. The volume is especially indicated for researchers who would like to carry out experimental, theoretical or computational work on two-phase flows, as well as for professionals who wish to learn more about this topic.

Modelling Fluid Flow presents invited lectures, workshop summaries and a selection of papers from a recent international conference CMFF '03 on fluid technology. The lectures follow the current evolution and the newest challenges of the computational methods and measuring techniques related to fluid flow. The workshop summaries reflect the recent trends, open questions and unsolved problems in the mutually inspiring fields of experimental and computational fluid mechanics. The papers cover a wide range of fluids engineering, including reactive flow, chemical and process engineering, environmental fluid dynamics, turbulence modelling, numerical methods, and fluid machinery.

The book summarises the outcom of a priority research programme: 'Analysis, Modelling and Computation of Multiphase Flows'. The results of 24 individual research projects are presented. The main objective of the research programme was to provide a better understanding of the physical basis for multiphase gas-liquid flows as they are found in numerous chemical and biochemical reactors. The research comprises steady and unsteady multiphase flows in three frequently found reactor configurations, namely bubble columns without interiors, airlift loop reactors, and aerated stirred vessels. For this purpose new and improved measurement techniques were developed. From the resulting knowledge and data, new and refined models for describing the underlying physical processes were developed, which were used for the establishment and improvement of analytic as well as numerical methods for predicting multiphase reactors. Thereby, the development, lay-out and scale-up of such processes should be possible on a more reliable basis.

This book addresses modeling of systems that are important to the fabrication of three-dimensional microstructures. Selected topics are ion beam micromachining, x-ray lithography, laser chemical vapor deposition, photopolymerization, laser ablation, and thin films. Models simulating the behavior of these systems are presented, graphically illusratted, and discussed in the light of experimental results. Knowledge gained from such models is essential for system operation and optimization. This book is unique in that it focuses on high aspect ratio microtechnology. It will be invaluable to scientists, engineers, graduate students, and manufacturers engaged in research and development for enhancing the accuracy and precision of microfabrication systems for commercial applications.

Semiconductor device modelling has developed in recent years from being solely the domain of device physicists to span broader technological disciplines involved in device and electronic circuit design and develop­ ment. The rapid emergence of very high speed, high density integrated circuit technology and the drive towards high speed communications has meant that extremely small-scale device structures are used in contempor­ ary designs. The characterisation and analysis of these devices can no longer be satisfied by electrical measurements alone. Traditional equivalent circuit models and closed-form analytical models cannot always provide consis­ tently accurate results for all modes of operation of these very small devices. Furthermore, the highly competitive nature of the semiconductor industry has led to the need to minimise development costs and lead-time associated with introducing new designs. This has meant that there has been a greater demand for models capable of increasing our understanding of how these devices operate and capable of predicting accurate quantitative results. The desire to move towards computer aided design and expert systems has reinforced the need for models capable of representing device operation under DC, small-signal, large-signal and high frequency operation. It is also desirable to relate the physical structure of the device to the electrical performance. This demand for better models has led to the introduction of improved equivalent circuit models and a upsurge in interest in using physical models.

The era of the personal computer has, without doubt, permanently altered our life style in a myriad of ways. The "brain" of the personal computer is the microprocessor (together with RAM and ROM) which makes the decisions needed for the computer to perform in the desired manner. The microprocessor continues to evolve as increasingly complex tasks are required. While not sharing the limelight of the microprocessor, the "heart" of the personal computer, namely the power supply, is equally important since without the necessary source of power the microprocessor would be a useless piece of silicon. The power supply of twenty years ago was much different than its modem day equivalent. At the dawn of the personal computer era in the late 1970s, de power was obtained from a simple diode bridge. However, the need for smooth, regulated DC at low voltage required at the same time both a bulky input transformer and a large dc side ftlter. Those computer fans present at the birth of this industry can remember the large boxes housing our Altair, Cromemco and Northstar computers which was made necessary largely because of the huge power supply. It is not well appreciated but certainly true that the huge sucess of the Apple II computer in those days was due, at least in part, to the relatively slim proftle of the machine. This sleek appearance was largely due to the adoption of the then new and unproven switched mode power supply.