This book presents the proceedings of the 21st Congress of the International Ergonomics Association (IEA 2021), held online on June 13-18, 2021. By highlighting the latest theories and models, as well as cutting-edge technologies and applications, and by combining findings from a range of disciplines including engineering, design, robotics, healthcare, management, computer science, human biology and behavioral science, it provides researchers and practitioners alike with a comprehensive, timely guide on human factors and ergonomics.

This Monograph is a compilation of clinical experience and basic research by the author on the function and anatomy of the shoulder joint, with particular emphasis on biomechanics. The book provides deep and comprehensive knowledge about the shoulder based on the author’s over forty years of career. This book is unique in that it emphasizes the process of discovering new knowledge through searching for clinical questions or “whys” and solving them. The author shows how he tackled various problems with a great deal of medical curiosity. The chapters place much space on anatomy, function, and pathology, for correct treatment through an accurate understanding of the pathology.

The theory of blood circulation is the oldest and most advanced branch of biomechanics, with roots extending back to Huangti and Aristotle, and with contributions from Galileo, Santori, Descartes, Borelli, Harvey, Euler, Hales, Poiseuille, Helmholtz, and many others. It represents a major part of humanity's concept of itself. This book presents selected topics of this great body of ideas from a historical perspective, binding important experiments together with mathematical threads. The objectives and scope of this book remain the same as in the first edition: to present a treatment of circulatory biomechanics from the stand­ points of engineering, physiology, and medical science, and to develop the subject through a sequence of problems and examples. The name is changed from Biodynamics: Circulation to Biomechanics: Circulation to unify the book with its sister volumes, Biomechanics: Mechanical Properties of Living Tissues, and Biomechanics: Motion, Flow, Stress, and Growth. The major changes made in the new edition are the following: When the first edition went to press in 1984, the question of residual stress in the heart was raised for the first time, and the lung was the only organ analyzed on the basis of solid morphologic data and constitutive equations. The detailed analysis of blood flow in the lung had been done, but the physiological validation experiments had not yet been completed.

Biomechanics aims to explain the mechanics oflife and living. From molecules to organisms, everything must obey the laws of mechanics. Clarification of mechanics clarifies many things. Biomechanics helps us to appreciate life. It sensitizes us to observe nature. It is a tool for design and invention of devices to improve the quality of life. It is a useful tool, a simple tool, a valuable tool, an unavoidable tool. It is a necessary part of biology and engineering. The method of biomechanics is the method of engineering, which consists of observation, experimentation, theorization, validation, and application. To understand any object, we must know its geometry and materials of construc­ tion, the mechanical properties of the materials involved, the governing natural laws, the mathematical formulation of specific problems and their solutions, and the results of validation. Once understood, one goes on to develop applications. In my plan to present an outline of biomechanics, I followedthe engineering approach and used three volumes. In the first volume, Biomechanics: Mechanical Properties of Living Tissues, the geometrical struc­ ture and the rheological properties of various materials, tissues, and organs are presented. In the second volume, Biodynamics: Circulation, the physiology of blood circulation is analyzed by the engineering method.

This book gathers papers presented at the VipIMAGE 2017-VI ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Vision and Medical Image Processing. It highlights invited lecturers and full papers presented at the conference, which was held in Porto, Portugal, on October 18–20, 2017.

Availability of advanced computational technology has fundamentally altered the investigative paradigm in the field of biomechanics. Armed with sophisticated computational tools, researchers are seeking answers to fundamental questions by exploring complex biomechanical phenomena at the molecular, cellular, tissue and organ levels. The computational armamentarium includes such diverse tools as the ab initio quantum mechanical and molecular dynamics methods at the atomistic scales and the finite element, boundary element, meshfree as well as immersed boundary and lattice-Boltzmann methods at the continuum scales. Multiscale methods that link various scales are also being developed. While most applications require forward analysis, e.g., finding deformations and stresses as a result of loading, others involve determination of constitutive parameters based on tissue imaging and inverse analysis. This book provides a glimpse of the diverse and important roles that modern computational technology is playing in various areas of biomechanics including biofluids and mass transfer, cardiovascular mechanics, musculoskeletal mechanics, soft tissue mechanics, and biomolecular mechanics.

This book contains a collection of papers that were presented at the IUTAM Symposium
on “Computer Models in Biomechanics: From Nano to Macro” held at Stanford University, California, USA, from August 29 to September 2, 2011.

This book presents the select peer-reviewed proceedings of the International Conference on Futuristic Trends in Mechanical Engineering (ICOFTIME 2020). The contents focus on latest research in different areas of mechanical engineering such as additive manufacturing, vibrations, robotics and automation, nano and smart materials, green energy, supply chain management, aviation, and biomechanics. The book also includes numerical and optimization methods relevant for several real-life mechanical engineering problems. Given its contents, this book will prove useful for researchers and professionals alike.

This book provides advanced students and researchers with comprehensive reviews of biological questions related to feeding in vertebrates living in aquatic and terrestrial environments. Based on recent technical developments and novel conceptual approaches, the book covers functional questions on trophic behavior in nearly all vertebrate groups to provide major baselines for understanding the functioning of these organisms, with examples in a series of taxa, and ranging from structures to behavior. In turn, the book demonstrates the importance of adopting an integrative approach to the trophic system in order to understand evolutionary mechanisms under the biodiversity of vertebrates.

This new textbook uses a problem-based learning (PBL) approach for teaching the fundamentals of kinesiology and biomechanics to undergraduate and graduate students in the biomedical, rehabilitative, and exercise science fields. Case vignettes and problems for each major region of the body are presented – cervical spine, thoracic spine and rib cage, lumbar spine and pelvis, shoulder girdle, elbow/forearm, wrist, hand, hip, knee, and ankle/foot. For the cases on the spine and upper extremity, biomechanics of posture are included; for cases involving the hip, knee, and ankle/foot, an extensive study of gait analysis is also incorporated. These case vignettes are not preceded by chapters that provide foundational information. Rather, relevant anatomical, biomechanical, and other information needed to solve/explain each case are embedded in the relevant chapters presenting the clinical cases.